Class 12 Ray Optics Handwritten Notes 

In this article we will be talking about the basic terms of ray optics and a complete notes pdf for revision of chapter-9 ray optics with solved numericals of NCERT textbook.

Introduction To Ray Optics:

Some basic elements of ray optics are centre of curvature, pole,  principal axis, radius of curvature, paraxial rays, focal length, aperture discussed below,

1) Ray Optics:

The study of properties of light and optical instruments by assuming that light travels in a straight line is known as ray optics.

2) Centre Of Curvature:

The centre point from which mirror is formed is called centre of curvature.

3) Pole:

The Centre point of mirror is called pole.

4) Principal axis:

The line passing through pole and centre of curvature is called pricipal axis.

5) Radius of curvature:

The distance between pole and centre of curvature is called radius of curvature.

6) Paraxial rays:

The rays which are parallel to principal axis are known as paraxial rays.

7) Focal length:

The distance between focus point and pole is called focal length.

8) Aperture:

The curvature part of mirror is called aperture.

All topics of class 12 chapter-9 Ray optics and optics instruments is covered in our pdf file you can download it simply from the link given below,

👉Ray Optics Handwritten Notes Ch-9 Class-12.pdf

We can understand various laws related to light by assuming that light travels in a straight line. Some laws like reflection ad refraction explains how light behaves when it is incident on reflecting surface or a surface separating two mediums respectively.

• Laws of Reflection:

(1) The angle of reflection and angle of refraction are same.

(2) The incident ray, Normal to the surface and the reflected ray all lies in the same plane.

(3) This laws are valid at each point on the reflecting surface whether it is plane or curved surface.

• Laws Of Refraction:

 (1) The incident ray refracted ray, and the normal to the surface separating two medium at the point of incidence all lie on the same plane.

 (2) The ratio of the sine of angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant. This is also known as Snell’s law of refraction.

sin i/sin r = Constant

• Topics covered in Notes are given below,  
• Laws of Reflection.
• Laws of Refraction.
• Relation between focal length and radius of curvature.
• Mirror formula. 
• Lateral shift.
• Real depth and apparent depth.
• Total internal reflection.
• Relation between object distance, image distance in terms of refractive index.
• Lens maker's formula for thin lenses.
• Power of lens
• Equivalent focal length of combination of thin lenses placed in contact.
• Prism equation.
• Simple microscope with diagram.
• What is compound microscope.
• Construction of refracting telescope.
• Cassegrain telescope.

Almost each and every topic of class-12 ray optics is covered in the given notes in a readable format, which is easy to revise a day before the exams, now students can easily prepare for exams and boost their knowledge by reading the short notes given on our website.